Virtual Reality is meant to replace a user’s real-world environment with a simulated one. Smartphones were used as a modest step towards making VR available to the general public. However, as this technology further develops, there will be greater opportunities for the development of software and hardware such as VR headsets and tools that enable people to interact with their virtual environments.

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Augmented Reality is an interactive experience of a real-world environment where the objects in the real world are enhanced by overlaid computer-generated information. It is defined as a system that fulfills three basic requirements: a combination of real and virtual worlds, real-time interaction, and accurate 3D registration of virtual and real objects. Smartphones are well suited to be AR platforms because it has the hardware components required for augmented reality. Mobile AR can be used to benefit industries like interior design and home appliances, construction, and entertainment.  

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Geofencing means to build and use a virtual perimeter for a real-world geographic area. One example of how geofencing can be used is location-based services (LBS). Whenever somebody enters or exits a geo-fence, they trigger an alert to the device’s user or the geo-fence operator and distribute relevant information or services based on a person’s geographic data and information. Smartphones play a key role in providing LBS because people are constantly carrying around their mobile devices. LBS can be used in a variety of contexts, such as health, indoor object search, navigation software, social networking services, and location-based advertising. 

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Connected devices are physical objects and systems that can connect with each other via the Internet. They span everything from traditional computing hardware, like laptops or desktops, to common mobile devices, such as smartphones, to an increasingly wide range of physical devices and objects like ATMs and POS terminals. Mobile in particular has a lot of opportunities for growth as they can serve as remote sensors, monitors, actuating devices, and more. 

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Mobility is about understanding and tracking the movements of mobile users, their location, velocity, and direction over time. This information is frequently used to ensure that calls, SMS, and other mobile services are delivered no matter where subscribers are.

Artificial Intelligence or AI refers to the theory and development of computer systems able to perform tasks that normally require human intelligence, such as visual perception, speech recognition, decision-making, and translation between languages,  though machine learning. AI has been included in mobile to enhance smartphone features, most predominantly: data-driven voice assistants (like Bixby and Siri), enhanced mobile photography (Google's Super Res Zoom), and facial recognition (Apple’s Face ID)

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Computer vision refers to the ability of computer systems to process visual information in the way humans can through feature extraction, image enhancement, digital photography, 3D scene understanding and modeling, virtual augmentation, object recognition and categorization, and human activity recognition. This technology can be used to analyze medical images, enable self-driving cars, and power facial recognition and has the potential to be a powerful tool when added to mobile.

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Biometrics refers to the methods that differentiate humans based on one or more intrinsic physical or behavioral traits. One notable application for biometrics is verifying or authenticating the identity of a person (ex. facial recognition, retina scan, fingerprint scan). Biometrics makes it possible for technology to gather and share information when they are worn close to the skin as wearables, a form of mobile technology. Wearables, like smartwatches and activity trackers, can be incorporated into navigation systems, advanced textiles, and health care.  

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